i

Volvemos a recibir manuscritos para la sección general, para los números de diciembre de 2024 en adelante. Recuerden revisar nuestras normas editoriales.

Agencia infantil y políticas lingüísticas familiares en familias pewenche-mapuche del sur de Chile: un primer acercamiento desde las perspectivas parentales

Autores/as

Resumen

Este artículo pretende contrastar la idea de la ‘agencia infantil mapuche-pewenche’, que proviene de estudios que destacan la importancia de la autonomía en la sociedad mapuche, con evidencia sociolingüística-etnográfica recogida en dos familias pewenche en una comunidad ubicada en el Alto Biobío. El estudio se enmarca en el ámbito de las políticas lingüísticas familiares e intenta dilucidar en qué medida la autonomía y la agencia infantil determinan el futuro lingüístico de los niños en un primer acercamiento desde las perspectivas parentales. Entre los resultados destacan la decisión de los padres por sobre la agencia y la autonomía infantil, a pesar de observarse elementos de autonomía en los niños en otros aspectos de la crianza.

Palabras clave:

Agencia y autonomía infantil, Políticas lingüísticas familiares, Famililectos, Pewenche, Agencia parental

Biografía del autor/a

Marco Espinoza Alvarado, Universidad de Chile

Para correspondencia, dirigirse a: Marco Espinoza (marcespi@uchile.cl), Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Departamento de Lingüística. Av. Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1025, piso 3, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.

Patricia Ojeda Mayorga, The University of Edinburgh

Para correspondencia, dirigirse a: Patricia Ojeda Mayorga (p.m.ojeda-mayorga@sms.ed.ac.uk), School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD.

Referencias

Ahearn, Laura M. 2001. Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 109-137.

Alarcón, Ana, Paula Astudillo, Marcela Castroy y Soledad Pérez. 2021. Estrategias y prácticas culturales que favorecen el desarrollo de niñas y niños mapuche hasta los 4 años. La Araucanía, Chile. Revista Chilena de Antropología 43: 80-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-1472.2021.64433.

Alonqueo, Paula, Ana María Alarcón Muñoz y Carolina Hidalgo. 2020. Motivación y colaboración como maneras culturales de aprender entre niños y niñas mapuche rurales de La Araucanía. Psicoperspectivas 19(3): 171-181.

Armstrong, Timothy. 2014. Naturalism and ideological work: how is family language policy renegotiated as both parents and children learn a threatened minority language? International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 17(5): 570-585.

Bonacina-Pugh, Florence. 2012. Researching ‘practiced language policies’: Insights from conversation analysis. Language Policy 11(3): 213-234.

Bordonaro, Lorenzo. 2012. Agency does not mean freedom. Cape Verdean street children and the politics of children’s agency. Children’s Geographies 10(4): 413-426.

Bouchard, Jeremie y Gregory Paul Glasgow. 2018. Agency in Language Policy and Planning: Critical Inquiries. Nueva York: Routledge.

Busch, Brigitta. 2012. The Linguistic Repertoire Revisited. Applied linguistics 33(5): 503–23.

Catedral, Lydia y Madina Djuraeva. 2018. Language ideologies and (im)moral images of personhood in multilingual family language planning. Language Policy 17(2-3) 1-22. DOI:10.1007/s10993-018-9455-9.

Course, Magnus. 2011. Becoming Mapuche: Person and ritual in indigenous Chile. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Curdt-Christiansen, Xiaolan y Elizabeth Lanza. 2018. Language management in multilingual families: Efforts, measures and challenges. Multilingua 37(2): 123-130.

Degu, Yeshalem Abraham. 2021. Exploring family language policy in action: Child agency and the lived experiences of multilingual Ethiopian and Eritrean families in Sweden. Multilingual Margins: A journal of multilingualism from the periphery 8(1): 26-51.

De Houwer, Annick. 1999. Environmental factors in early bilingual development: The role of parental beliefs and attitudes. En G. Extra y L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and Migration, pp. 75–96. Berlin y New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Duff, Patricia. 2020. Multiscalar research on family language policy and planning in China: commentary. Current Issues in Language Planning 22(4): 487-494.

Espinoza, Marco y Gillian Wigglesworth. 2022. Beyond Success and Failure: Intergenerational Language Transmission from within Indigenous Families in Southern Chile. En Christina Higgins y Lyn Wright (eds.). Diversifying Family Language Policy, pp 277-297. Gran Bretaña: Bloomsbury.

Fogle, Lyn Wright. 2013. Parental ethnotheories and family language policy in transnational adoptive families. Language Policy 12: 83-102.

Fogle, Lyn Wright y Kendall King. 2013. Child agency and language policy in transnational families. Issues in Applied linguistics 19: 1-25.

Gafaranga, Joseph. 2010. Medium request: Talking language shift into being. Language in Society 39(2): 241-270.

Gafaranga, Joseph y Maria Carme Torras. 2001. Language versus medium in the study of bilingual conversation. The International Journal of Bilingualism 5(2): 195-219.

Gallagher, Michael. 2019. Rethinking children’s agency: Power, assemblages, freedom and materiality. Global Studies of Childhood 9(3): 188-199.

Gandulfo, Carolina. 2018. La ‘prohibición interpelada’. Transmisión intergeneracional del guaraní en un grupo familiar de cuatro generaciones en Corrientes, Argentina. Estudios Paraguayos 36(1): 121–42.

García, Ofelia, Nelson Flores y Max Spotti. 2017. Introduction. In Ofelia García, Nelson Flores y Max Spotti (eds.). The Oxford handbook of language and society, pp. 1-16. Oxford, UK: OUP.

Garfinkel, Harold. 1964. Studies of the routine grounds of everyday activities. Social Problems 11(3): 225-250.

González, Marcelo. 2012. Personal Truths, Shared Equivocations: Otherness, Uniqueness, and Social Life among the Mapuche of Southern Chile. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Gordon, Cynthia. 2009. Making meanings, creating family: Intertextuality and framing in family interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gundermann, Hans. 1981. Análisis estructural de los ritos mapuches nguillatún y pïtevún. Tesis para optar al grado de Licenciado en Antropología Social, Universidad de Chile.

Harkness, Sara, Charles M. Super, Moises Ríos Bermúdez, Ughetta Moscardino, JongHay Rha, Caroline Johnston Mavridis y Jesús Palacios. 2009. Parental ethnotheories of children’s learning. En David F. Lancy, John C. Bock y Suzanne Gaskins (eds.). The Anthropology of Learning in Childhood, pp. 65-81. United Kingdom: AltaMira Press.

Harkness, Sara y Charles M. Super. 2006. Themes and variations: Parental ethnotheories in Western cultures. En Kenneth H. Rubin y Ock Boon Chung (eds.). Parenting beliefs, behaviors, and parent-child relations: A cross- cultural perspective, pp. 61-79. New York: Psychology Press.

Hatoss, Anikó. 2018. Agency and ideology in language maintenance: Hungarian immigrants’ narratives on assimilationist post-war Australia. International Journal of Multilingualism 17(4): 411-429.

Herzfeld, Michael. 1996. Essentialism. En Alan Barnard y Jonathan Spencer (eds.) Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology, pp. 288-290. London: Routledge.

Kasares, Paula, Ane Ortega y Estibaliz Amorrortu. 2022. Basque Intergenerational Transmission from a Language Socialisation Perspective. En Michael Hornsby y Wilson McLeod (eds.). Transmitting Minority Languages, pp. 217-246. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

King, Kendall, Lynn Fogle y Aubrey Logan‐Terry. 2008. Family language policy. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5): 907-922.

King, Kendall. 2016. Language policy, multilingual encounters, and transnational families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37(7): 726-733.

King, Kendall y Elizabeth Lanza. 2017. Ideology, agency, andimagination in multilingual families: An introduction. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(3): 717–723. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006916684907.

King Kendall y Lynn Fogle. 2017. Family Language Policy. In Teresa McCarty y Stephen May (eds.). Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, pp. 315-327. New York: Springer.

______ 2006. Bilingual Parenting as Good Parenting: Parents’ Perspectives on Family Language Policy for Additive Bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 9(6): 695-712. DOI: 10.2167/beb362.0

King, Kendall y Ling Wang. 2021. Family Language Policy and Language Transmission in Times of Change. En: Language Revitalisation and Social Transformation, pp. 119-140. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Lanza, Elizabeth. 2021. The family as a space: multilingual repertoires, language practices and lived experiences. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 42(8): 763-771.

Lanza, Elizabeth y Xiolan Curdt-Christiansen. 2018. Multilingual families: aspirations and challenges. International journal of multilingualism 15(3): 231-232.

Lokot, Michelle, Holly Baker Shakya y Beniamino Cislaghi. 2022. The Limits of Child Agency?: Dissonances and Contradictions in Conceptualisations of Agency within ChildLed Marriages in Somalia and Cameroon. The International Journal of Children’s Rights 30(1):

-203.

Lomeu Gomes, Rafael. 2022: ‘Du er verdens beste pappa’: affect in parent–child multilingual interactions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 1-5. DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2022.2078159

Lubińska, Dorota. 2020. Intra-familial language choice in two multi-generational PolishSwedish-speaking families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 42(5): 418-430.

Melville, Margarita. 1976. Sistema de valores del mapuche. In Tom D. Dillehay (ed.). Estudios antropológicos sobre los mapuches de Chile sur-central. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Sede Regional Temuco.

Meyerhoff, Miriam, Erik Schleef y Laurel MacKenzie. 2015. Doing sociolinguistics: A practical guide to data collection and analysis. London: Routledge.

Murray, Marjorie, Sofia Bowen, Nicole Segura y Marisol Verdugo. 2015. Apprehending volition in early socialization: Raising “little persons” among rural Mapuche families. Ethos 43(4): 376-401.

Murray, Marjorie y Constanza Tizzoni. 2022. Journal for the Study of Education and Development . DOI: 10.1080/02103702.2022.2062917

Obojska, Maria Antonina y Judith Purkarthofer. 2018. ‘And all of a sudden, it became my rescue’: language and agency in transnational families in Norway. International Journal of Multilingualism 45(3): 619-635. DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2018.1477103

Obojska, Maria Antonina. 2019. Ikke snakke norsk?’–Transnational adolescents and negotiations of family language policy explored through family interview. Multilingua 38(6): 653-674.

Oriyama, Kaya. 2016. Community of Practice and Family Language Policy: Maintaining Heritage Japanese in Sydney—Ten Years Later. International Multilingual Research Journal 10(4): 289-307.

Oswell, David. 2013. The agency of children: From family to global human rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Palviainen, Åsa y Sally Boyd. 2013. Unity in discourse, diversity in practice: The one person one language policy in bilingual families. En Mila Schwartz y Anna Verschik (eds.). Successful Family Language Policy, pp. 223–248.

Purkarthofer, Judith. 2019. Building expectations: Imagining family language policy and heteroglossic social spaces. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(3): 724-739.

______ 2021. Navigating partially shared linguistic repertoires: Attempts to understand centre and periphery in the scope of family language policy. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 42(8): 732-746.

Purkarthofer, Judith and Guri Bordal Steien. 2019. “Prétendre comme si on connaît pas une autre langue que le swahili”: Multilingual parents in Norway on change and continuity in their family language policies. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 255: 109-131.

Purkarthofer, Judith, Elizabeth Lanza y Mina Finstad Berg. 2022. Discourses between the Public and the Private: Transnational Families at the Crossroads. Applied Linguistics 43(3): 563-586.

Revis, Melanie. 2016. A Bourdieusian perspective on child agency in family language policy. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 22(2): 177-191.

Quidel, José y Jimena Pichinao. 2002. Haciendo crecer personas pequeñas en el pueblo mapuche. Temuco: MINEDUC.

Quilaqueo, Daniel. 2006. Valores educativos mapuches para la formación de persona desde el discurso de kimches. Estudios pedagógicos 32(2): 73-86.

Sadler, Michelle y Alexandra Obach. 2006. Pautas de crianza mapuche: Estudio Significaciones, actitudes y prácticas de familias mapuches en relación a la crianza y cuidado infantil de los niños y niñas desde la gestación hasta los cinco años. Universidad de Chile y CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera.

Said, Fatma y Hua Zhu. 2019. “No, no Maama! Say ‘Shaatir ya Ouledee Shaatir’!” Children’s agency in language use and socialisation. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(3): 771-785.

Sánchez, Gilberto. 1989. Relatos orales en pewenče chileno. AUCh. Estudios en honor de Yolando Pino Saavedra 5(17): 289-360.

Sichra, Inge. 2016. Políticas lingüísticas en familias indígenas: cuando la realidad supera la imaginación. Universos: revista de lenguas indígenas y universos culturales 13: 135-151.

Schwartz, Mila. 2010. Family language policy: Core issues of an emerging field. Applied Lnguistics Review 1(1): 171-192.

Schwartz, Mila y Anna Verschik. 2013. Successful family language policy: Parents, children and educators in interaction. Springer Science y Business Media.

Smith-Christmas, Cassie. 2017. Family Language Policy: New Directions. En John Macalister y Seyed Hadi Mirvahedi (eds.). Family Language Policies in a Multilingual World: Opportunities, challenges, and consequences, pp. 23-39. New York: Routledge.

______ 2022. Using a ‘Family Language Policy lens to explore the dynamic and relational nature of child agency. Children and Society 36(3): 354-368.

Spolsky, Bernard. 2004. Language policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Søndergaard, Bent. 1991. Switching between seven codes within one family—a linguistic resource. Journal of Multilingual y Multicultural Development 12(1-2): 85-92.

Szulc, Andrea. 2015. La niñez mapuche: sentidos de pertenencia en tensión. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos,

Van Mensel, Luk. 2016. Children and choices. The effect of macro language policy on the individual agency of transnational parents in Brussels. Language Policy 15: 547–560. DOI: 10.1007/s10993-015-9391-x

______ 2018. ‘Quiere koffie?’ The multilingual familylect of transcultural families. International Journal of Multilingualism 15(3): 233-248.

Wilson, Sonia. 2020. Family Language Policy: Children’s Perspectives. Switzerland: Springer Nature.

Zhu, Hua. 2008. Duelling Languages, Duelling values: Codeswitching in bilingual intergenerational conflict talk in diasporic families. Journal of Pragmatics. 40: 1799-1816.